Lista de Verbos Irregulares em Inglês: Irregular Verbs

Abril 16, 2024

⁠peça de xadrez irregular preta do lado branco

Você pode ter encontrado verbos em inglês em que o pretérito não é o que você esperava. Por exemplo, o passado de “eat” não é “eated”. Caso você tenha visto um verbo que não segue esse padrão do pretérito, então encontrou algo chamado de verbo irregular em inglês - Irregular Verbs. Para usá-los corretamente, você deve memorizar suas formas de passado simples (Simple Past) e particípio passado (Past Participle).

Qual a diferença entre verbo regular e irregular em inglês?

A principal diferença é que os verbos regulares seguem um padrão de conjugação. Para formar o passado simples e o particípio passado, geralmente adiciona-se “-ed” ao verbo no infinitivo. Exemplo: "Start" - "Started" - "Started".

Já os verbos irregulares não há um padrão fixo, é necessário memorizar o Simple Past e Past Participle. Por exemplo: “eat” - “ate” - “eaten”. Para ajudar na sua memorização, dividimos as irregularidades mais comuns em grupos.

Tabela de verbos irregulares em inglês no passado

Infinitive (Infinitivo) Simple Past (Passado simples) Past Participle (Particípio passado) Tradução
to abide /əˈbaɪd/ abode /əˈboʊd/ abode /əˈboʊd/ permanecer, sobreviver
to arise /əˈraɪz/ arose /əˈroʊz/ arisen /əˈrɪzən/ erguer, levantar
to awake /əˈweɪk/ awoke /əˈwoʊk/ awoken /əˈwoʊkən/ acordar, despertar
to be /biː/ was /wɑːz/, were /wɜːr/ been /bɪn/ ser, estar, ficar
to bear /bɛər/ bore /bɔːr/ borne /bɔːrn/, born /bɔːrn/ suportar, aguentar
to beat /biːt/ beat /biːt/ beaten /ˈbiːtən/ bater, espancar, superar, vibrar, palpitar
to become /bɪˈkʌm/ became /bɪˈkeɪm/ become /bɪˈkʌm/ tornar-se
to begin /bɪˈɡɪn/ began /bɪˈɡæn/ begun /bɪˈɡʌn/ começar, iniciar
to bend /bɛnd/ bent /bɛnt/ bent /bɛnt/ curvar, entortar, franzir, dirigir, desistir
to bet /bɛt/ bet /bɛt/ bet /bɛt/ apostar
to bid /bɪd/ bid /bɪd/, bade /beɪd/ bid /bɪd/, bidden /ˈbɪdən/ oferecer, convidar, ordenar, desejar, leiloar
to bind /baɪnd/ bound /baʊnd/ bound /baʊnd/ atar, amarrar, obrigar
to bite /baɪt/ bit /bɪt/ bitten /ˈbɪtən/ morder, engolir a isca
to bleed /bliːd/ bled /blɛd/ bled /blɛd/ sangrar, perder sangue
to blow /bloʊ/ blew /bluː/ blown /bloʊn/ soprar, assobiar, fazer soar
to break /breɪk/ broke /broʊk/ broken /ˈbroʊkən/ quebrar, romper, violar
to breed /briːd/ bred /brɛd/ bred /brɛd/ procriar, gerar, fazer criação, educar, ensinar
to bring /brɪŋ/ brought /brɔːt/ brought /brɔːt/ trazer, servir, causar, executar, induzir
to build /bɪld/ built /bɪlt/ built /bɪlt/ construir, edificar, fabricar
to burn /bɜːrn/ burnt /bɜːrnt/, burned /bɜːrnd/ burnt /bɜːrnt/, burned /bɜːrnd/ queimar, incendiar, carbonizar
to burst /bɜːrst/ burst /bɜːrst/ burst /bɜːrst/ arrebentar, explodir, brotar, exclamar
to buy /baɪ/ bought /bɔːt/ bought /bɔːt/ comprar
to cast /kæst/ cast /kæst/ cast /kæst/ arremessar, jogar, derrubar, moldar
to catch /kætʃ/ caught /kɔːt/ caught /kɔːt/ pegar, capturar, entender, adquirir
to choose /tʃuːz/ chose /tʃoʊz/ chosen /ˈtʃoʊzən/ escolher, selecionar, preferir
to cling /klɪŋ/ clung /klʌŋ/ clung /klʌŋ/ pegar-se, unir-se, aderir
to clothe /kloʊð/ clothed /kloʊðd/ clothed /kloʊðd/ vestir, cobrir
to come /kʌm/ came /keɪm/ come /kʌm/ vir, chegar
to cost /kɔːst/ cost /kɔːst/ cost /kɔːst/ custar
to creep /kriːp/ crept /krɛpt/ crept /krɛpt/ engatinhar, arrastar-se no chão, andar de rasto
to crow /kroʊ/ crew /kruː/, crowed /kroʊd/ crowed /kroʊd/ cacarejar
to cut /kʌt/ cut /kʌt/ cut /kʌt/ cortar, partir, reduzir, recortar, castrar
to deal /diːl/ dealt /dɛlt/ dealt /dɛlt/ dar, distribuir, repartir, dividir, espalhar, negociar
to dig /dɪg/ dug /dʌg/ dug /dʌg/ cavar, escavar
to dive /daɪv/ dived /daɪvd/, dove /doʊv/ dived /daɪvd/ mergulhar
to do /duː/ did /dɪd/ done /dʌn/ fazer
to draw /drɔː/ drew /druː/ drawn /drɔːn/ desenhar, extrair, sair
to drink /drɪŋk/ drank /dræŋk/ drunk /drʌŋk/ beber
to drive /draɪv/ drove /droʊv/ driven /ˈdrɪvən/ dirigir, guiar
to dwell /dwɛl/ dwelt /dwɛlt/ dwelt /dwɛlt/ residir, ficar por um tempo, enfatizar, insistir em
to eat /iːt/ ate /eɪt/ eaten /ˈiːtən/ comer
to fall /fɔːl/ fell /fɛl/ fallen /ˈfɔːlən/ cair, desaguar, abater-se, decrescer, diminuir
to feed /fiːd/ fed /fɛd/ fed /fɛd/ alimentar, nutrir
to feel /fiːl/ felt /fɛlt/ felt /fɛlt/ sentir, notar
to fight /faɪt/ fought /fɔːt/ fought /fɔːt/ lutar, brigar
to find /faɪnd/ found /faʊnd/ found /faʊnd/ achar, encontrar
to flee /fliː/ fled /flɛd/ fled /flɛd/ fugir, escapar, evitar, correr
to fling /flɪŋ/ flung /flʌŋ/ flung /flʌŋ/ lançar, arremessar
to fly /flaɪ/ flew /fluː/ flown /floʊn/ voar
to forbid /fəˈbɪd/ forbade /fəˈbeɪd/, forbidden /fəˈbɪdən/ forbidden /fəˈbɪdən/ proibir
to forecast /ˈfɔːrˌkæst/ forecast /ˈfɔːrˌkæst/ forecast /ˈfɔːrˌkæst/ prever
to forget /fərˈɡɛt/ forgot /fərˈɡɒt/ forgotten /fərˈɡɒtən/ esquecer
to forgive /fərˈɡɪv/ forgave /fərˈɡeɪv/ forgiven /fərˈɡɪvən/ perdoar
to forsake /fərˈseɪk/ forsook /fərˈsʊk/ forsaken /fərˈseɪkən/ abandonar, desertar, largar; abrir mão de
to freeze /friːz/ froze /froʊz/ frozen /ˈfroʊzən/ congelar, gelar
to get /ɡɛt/ got /ɡɒt/ got /ɡɒt/ obter, conseguir
to give /ɡɪv/ gave /ɡeɪv/ given /ˈɡɪvən/ dar
to grind /ɡraɪnd/ ground /ɡraʊnd/ ground /ɡraʊnd/ moer, triturar
to go /ɡoʊ/ went /wɛnt/ gone /ɡɔːn/ ir
to grow /ɡroʊ/ grew /ɡruː/ grown /ɡroʊn/ crescer, florescer, germinar
to hang /hæŋ/ hung /hʌŋ/ hung /hʌŋ/ pendurar, suspender
to have /hæv/ had /hæd/ had /hæd/ ter, possuir
to hear /hɪər/ heard /hɜːrd/ heard /hɜːrd/ ouvir, escutar, ter notícias
to heave /hiːv/ hove /hoʊv/, heaved /hiːvd/ hove /hoʊv/, heaved /hiːvd/ puxar
to hew /hjuː/ hewed /hjuːd/, hewn /hjuːn/ hewn /hjuːn/ reduzir, talhar
to hide /haɪd/ hid /hɪd/ hidden /ˈhɪdən/ esconder, ocultar
to hit /hɪt/ hit /hɪt/ hit /hɪt/ bater, chocar-se
to hold /hoʊld/ held /hɛld/ held /hɛld/ segurar, agarrar
to hurt /hɜːrt/ hurt /hɜːrt/ hurt /hɜːrt/ ferir, machucar
to keep /kiːp/ kept /kɛpt/ kept /kɛpt/ manter, conservar, preservar
to kneel /niːl/ knelt /nɛlt/ knelt /nɛlt/ ajoelhar-se
to knit /nɪt/ knit /nɪt/ knit /nɪt/ tricotar
to know /noʊ/ knew /njuː/ known /noʊn/ saber, conhecer
to lay /leɪ/ laid /leɪd/ laid /leɪd/ pôr, colocar, derrubar, deitar
to lead /liːd/ led /lɛd/ led /lɛd/ conduzir, liderar, dirigir, comandar
to leap /liːp/ leapt /lɛpt/, leaped /liːpt/ leapt /lɛpt/, leaped /liːpt/ saltar, pular, transportar, cobrir (os animais)
to learn /lɜːrn/ learnt /lɜːrnt/, learned /lɜːrnd/ learnt /lɜːrnt/, learned /lɜːrnd/ aprender, ficar sabendo
to leave /liːv/ left /lɛft/ left /lɛft/ partir, deixar, sair
to lend /lɛnd/ lent /lɛnt/ lent /lɛnt/ emprestar
to let /lɛt/ let /lɛt/ let /lɛt/ permitir, deixar
to lie /laɪ/ lay /leɪ/ lain /leɪn/ deitar, jazer
to light /laɪt/ lit /lɪt/, lighted /ˈlaɪtɪd/ lit /lɪt/, lighted /ˈlaɪtɪd/ acender, iluminar
to lose /luːz/ lost /lɒst/ lost /lɒst/ perder
to make /meɪk/ made /meɪd/ made /meɪd/ fazer, criar, elaborar
to mean /miːn/ meant /mɛnt/ meant /mɛnt/ significar, querer dizer
to meet /miːt/ met /mɛt/ met /mɛt/ encontrar, reunir
to partake /pɑːrˈteɪk/ partook /pɑːrˈtʊk/ partaken /pɑːrˈteɪkən/ participar
to pay /peɪ/ paid /peɪd/ paid /peɪd/ pagar
to put /pʊt/ put /pʊt/ put /pʊt/ pôr, colocar
to quit /kwɪt/ quit /kwɪt/ quit /kwɪt/ desistir, abandonar
to read /riːd/ read /rɛd/ read /rɛd/ ler, interpretar
to ride /raɪd/ rode /roʊd/ ridden /ˈrɪdən/ cavalgar, andar de bicicleta ou carro
to ring /rɪŋ/ rang /ræŋ/ rung /rʌŋ/ soar, tocar (campainha, telefone)
to rise /raɪz/ rose /roʊz/ risen /ˈraɪzən/ erguer-se, levantar-se
to run /rʌn/ ran /ræn/ run /rʌn/ correr, apressar-se
to saw /sɔː/ sawed /sɔːd/ sawn /sɔːn/, sawed /sɔːd/ serrar
to say /seɪ/ said /sɛd/ said /sɛd/ dizer, afirmar, declarar
to see /siː/ saw /sɔː/ seen /siːn/ ver, perceber
to seek /siːk/ sought /sɔːt/ sought /sɔːt/ procurar, pedir, almejar
to sell /sɛl/ sold /soʊld/ sold /soʊld/ vender
to send /sɛnd/ sent /sɛnt/ sent /sɛnt/ enviar, mandar
to set /sɛt/ set /sɛt/ set /sɛt/ pôr, dispor, ajustar
to sew /soʊ/ sewed /soʊd/ sewn /soʊn/, sewed /soʊd/ costurar, coser
to shake /ʃeɪk/ shook /ʃʊk/ shaken /ˈʃeɪkən/ sacudir, agitar, apertar a mão (em cumprimento)
to shed /ʃɛd/ shed /ʃɛd/ shed /ʃɛd/ derramar, vazar
to shine /ʃaɪn/ shone /ʃɒn/, shined /ˈʃaɪnd/ shone /ʃɒn/, shined /ˈʃaɪnd/ brilhar
to shoot /ʃuːt/ shot /ʃɒt/ shot /ʃɒt/ atirar, ferir com tiro
to show /ʃoʊ/ showed /ʃoʊd/ shown /ʃoʊn/, showed /ʃoʊd/ mostrar, apresentar
to shred /ʃrɛd/ shred /ʃrɛd/ shred /ʃrɛd/ cortar em pedaços, picar, retalhar, rasgar
to shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ shrank /ʃræŋk/, shrunk /ʃrʌŋk/ shrunk /ʃrʌŋk/, shrunken /ˈʃrʌŋkən/ contrair, encolher, recuar
to shut /ʃʌt/ shut /ʃʌt/ shut /ʃʌt/ fechar, cerrar; tampar
to sing /sɪŋ/ sang /sæŋ/ sung /sʌŋ/ cantar
to sink /sɪŋk/ sank /sæŋk/ sunk /sʌŋk/ afundar
to sit /sɪt/ sat /sæt/ sat /sæt/ sentar
to slay /sleɪ/ slew /sluː/ slain /sleɪn/ matar, assassinar, destruir, arruinar
to sleep /sliːp/ slept /slɛpt/ slept /slɛpt/ dormir
to slide /slaɪd/ slid /slɪd/ slid /slɪd/ escorregar, deslizar
to sling /slɪŋ/ slung /slʌŋ/ slung /slʌŋ/ atirar, arremessar
to smell /smɛl/ smelt /smɛlt/, smelled /ˈsmɛld/ smelt /smɛlt/, smelled /ˈsmɛld/ cheirar
to smite /smaɪt/ smote /smoʊt/ smitten /ˈsmɪtən/ bater, espancar
to sow /soʊ/ sowed /soʊd/ sown /soʊn/, sowed /soʊd/ semear
to speak /spiːk/ spoke /spoʊk/ spoken /ˈspoʊkən/ falar
to spell /spɛl/ spelt /spɛlt/, spelled /ˈspɛld/ spelt /spɛlt/, spelled /ˈspɛld/ soletrar
to spend /spɛnd/ spent /spɛnt/ spent /spɛnt/ gastar (dinheiro), passar (tempo)
to spill /spɪl/ spilt /spɪlt/, spilled /ˈspɪld/ spilt /spɪlt/, spilled /ˈspɪld/ derramar
to spin /spɪn/ spun /spʌn/ spun /spʌn/ girar
to spit /spɪt/ spat /spæt/, spit /spɪt/ spit /spɪt/, spat /spæt/ cuspir
to spoil /spɔɪl/ spoilt /spɔɪlt/, spoiled /ˈspɔɪld/ spoilt /spɔɪlt/, spoiled /ˈspɔɪld/ estragar, destruir
to spread /sprɛd/ spread /sprɛd/ spread /sprɛd/ espalhar, estender
to spring /sprɪŋ/ sprang /spræŋ/, sprung /sprʌŋ/ sprung /sprʌŋ/ saltar, lançar-se, libertar-se
to stand /stænd/ stood /stʊd/ stood /stʊd/ ficar ou pôr-se de pé
to steal /stiːl/ stole /stoʊl/ stolen /ˈstoʊlən/ roubar, furtar
to stick /stɪk/ stuck /stʌk/ stuck /stʌk/ cravar, fincar
to sting /stɪŋ/ stung /stʌŋ/ stung /stʌŋ/ picar, ferroar
to stink /stɪŋk/ stank /stæŋk/, stunk /stʌŋk/ stunk /stʌŋk/ feder; enojar
to strew /struː/ strewed /struːd/, strewn /struːn/ strewn /struːn/, strewed /struːd/ espalhar, polvilhar, aspergir
to stride /straɪd/ strode /stroʊd/ stridden /ˈstrɪdən/ caminhar, cavalgar
to strike /straɪk/ struck /strʌk/, stricken /ˈstrɪkən/ struck /strʌk/, stricken /ˈstrɪkən/ bater, golpear
to string /strɪŋ/ strung /strʌŋ/ strung /strʌŋ/ amarrar, pendurar, enfiar, esticar
to strive /straɪv/ strove /stroʊv/ striven /ˈstraɪvən/ aspirar, tentar, esforçar-se
to swear /swɛər/ swore /swɔːr/ sworn /swɔːrn/ jurar
to sweat /swɛt/ sweat /swɛt/ sweat /swɛt/ suar
to sweep /swiːp/ swept /swɛpt/ swept /swɛpt/ varrer
to swell /swɛl/ swelled /swɛld/, swollen /ˈswəʊlən/ swollen /ˈswəʊlən/, swelled /swɛld/ inchar, crescer, encher (os pneus)
to swim /swɪm/ swam /swæm/ swum /swʌm/ nadar
to swing /swɪŋ/ swung /swʌŋ/ swung /swʌŋ/ balançar
to take /teɪk/ took /tʊk/ taken /ˈteɪkən/ tomar, pegar, levar
to teach /tiːtʃ/ taught /tɔːt/ taught /tɔːt/ ensinar
to tear /tɛər/ tore /tɔːr/ torn /tɔːrn/ chorar, lacrimejar; rasgar, rachar
to tell /tɛl/ told /toʊld/ told /toʊld/ dizer, contar
to think /θɪŋk/ thought /θɔːt/ thought /θɔːt/ pensar, achar
to thrive /θraɪv/ throve /θroʊv/, thrived /ˈθraɪvd/ thriven /ˈθraɪvən/, thrived /ˈθraɪvd/ ter sucesso
to throw /θroʊ/ threw /θruː/ thrown /θroʊn/ lançar, atirar
to thrust /θrʌst/ thrust /θrʌst/ thrust /θrʌst/ empurrar
to tread /trɛd/ trod /trɒd/ trodden /ˈtrɒdən/, trod /trɒd/ pisar, andar, pôr os pés
to understand /ˌʌndərˈstænd/ understood /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/ understood /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/ entender, compreender
to wake /weɪk/ woke /woʊk/ woken /ˈwoʊkən/ acordar
to wear /wɛər/ wore /wɔːr/ worn /wɔːrn/ vestir, usar, trajar
to weave /wiːv/ wove /woʊv/ woven /ˈwoʊvən/ tecer, trançar
to weep /wiːp/ wept /wɛpt/ wept /wɛpt/ chorar
to wet /wɛt/ wet /wɛt/, wetted /ˈwɛtɪd/ wet /wɛt/, wetted /ˈwɛtɪd/ molhar, umedecer
to win /wɪn/ won /wʌn/ won /wʌn/ ganhar, vencer
to wind /waɪnd/ wound /waʊnd/ wound /waʊnd/ girar, enrolar-se
to wring /rɪŋ/ wrung /rʌŋ/ wrung /rʌŋ/ torcer
to write /raɪt/ wrote /roʊt/ written /ˈrɪtən/ escrever, anotar

Verbos irregulares em grupos

1º Tipo: Verbos com a mesma forma no infinitivo, passado simples e particípio passado

Esse tipo de irregular verb se mantém igual no passado e no presente:

  • Cost - Cost - Cost

    • “The wedding cost was less than expected.”
    • Tradução: “O casamento custou menos do que o esperado.”
  • Hurt - Hurt - Hurt

    • “Thiago hurt his back while playing golf last weekend.”
    • Tradução: “Thiago machucou suas costas enquanto jogava golf no fim de semana passado.”
  • Quit - Quit - Quit

    • “Ana quit her job to become a digital nomad.”

    • Tradução: “Ana saiu do seu emprego para se tornar uma nômade digital.”

2º Tipo: Verbos com o mesmo passado simples e particípio passado

  • Buy - Bought - Bought

    • “I bought a new laptop during the Black Friday sales last year.”
    • Tradução: “Comprei um novo laptop durante as vendas da Black Friday no ano passado.”
  • Sell - Sold - Sold

    • “Frank sold his old car to help pay for his son’s college.”
    • Tradução: “Frank vendeu seu carro antigo para ajudar a pagar a faculdade de seu filho.”

Verbos em que o “d” vira “t”

  • Bend - Bent - Bent

    • “John bent down and kissed his sister’s forehead.”

    • Tradução: “John se abaixou e beijou a testa de sua irmã.”

  • Send - Sent - Sent

    • “He sent the package last week, but it hasn’t arrived yet.”
    • Tradução: “Ele enviou o pacote na semana passada, mas ainda não chegou.”

Verbos com “e” duplo

Caso a palavra tenha “ee” na sua escrita, ela perde um “e” no passado e termina com “t”:

  • Keep - Kept - Kept

    • “She kept the letters in a box under her bed for years.”
    • Tradução: “Ela guardou as cartas em uma caixa debaixo da cama durante anos.”
  • Meet - Met - Met

    • “My parents met at a coffee shop in NY.”
    • Tradução: “Meus pais se conheceram em uma cafeteria em NY.”

3º Tipo: Verbos com a mesma forma no infinitivo e particípio passado

  • Come - Came - Come

    • “My son came to visit me at the hospital.”
    • Tradução: “Meu filho veio me visitar no hospital.”
  • Become - Became - Become

    • “Over the years, they became enemies.”
    • Tradução: “Com o passar dos anos, eles se tornaram inimigos.”

4º Tipo: verbos com todas as formas diferentes

  • Be - Was/Were - Been

    • “Elena was the best student in her class last year.”
    • Tradução: “Elena foi a melhor aluna da turma no ano passado.”
  • Know - Knew - Known

    • “Peter knew exactly where to find the treasure.”
    • Tradução: “Peter sabia exatamente onde encontrar o tesouro.”

Verbos com “i-a-u”

“i” no infinitive, “a” no simple past e “u” no past participle:

  • Drink - Drank - Drunk

    • “Arya drank tea to warm up from the winter.”
    • Tradução: “Arya bebeu chá para se aquecer do inverno.”
  • Begin - Began - Begun

    • “He began composing his own songs.”
    • Tradução: “Ele começou a compor suas próprias músicas.”

Como estudar e memorizar os verbos irregulares em inglês?

O melhor jeito de memorizar os irregular verbs é utilizando flashcards com Sistema de Repetição Espaçada. Use algum app como o Anki para criar flashcards como esse:

Frente:

  • My homework was _ by my dog. (to eat)

Verso (resposta):

  • My homework was eaten by my dog.

Caso acerte a resposta, o app vai esperar mais tempo para te mostrar o exercício novamente - facilitando decorar vocabulário.

Conclusão

Os verbos irregulares em inglês podem parecer bem difícil para os iniciantes. Espero que entendendo as irregularidades em grupos e utilizando flashcards para os verbos mais frequentes, você consiga melhorar sua fluência em inglês. Deseja aprender mais? Visite nosso blog e entre na lista de espera para o nosso curso de inglês online.

Perguntas Frequentes

Seja notificado no lançamento

Se torne protagonista do seu ensino. Aprenda a aprender inglês mais rápido, mais nativo e retenha por mais tempo.