Verbo to be

Abril 19, 2024

loja com o verbo to be na vitrine

O verbo to be - ser/estar - é o verbo irregular mais complicado e usado em inglês. O verb to be pode ser conjugado como “am”, “is”, “are”, “was”, “were”, “being” e “been”, além do próprio infinitivo “be”. Aprenda suas regras e como usá-los no presente, passado e futuro.

Verbo to be no presente

Simple Present

No presente simples em inglês - simple present - o verbo to be é conjugado como “am”, “is” e “are”:

  • Sujeito (I, You, He, etc) + am/is/are (to be no Simple Present) + complemento
Sujeito Afirmativo Negativo Interrogativo
I I am I am not Am I?
You You are You are not Are you?
He He is He is not Is he?
She She is She is not Is she?
It It is It is not Is it?
We We are We are not Are we?
You You are You are not Are you?
They They are They are not Are they?
Sujeito Afirmativo Abreviado Negativo Abreviado Interrogativo Negativo
I I’m I’m not Am I not?
You You’re You’re not/You aren’t Aren’t you?
He He’s He’s not/He isn’t Isn’t he?
She She’s She’s not/She isn’t Isn’t she?
It It’s It’s not/It isn’t Isn’t it?
We We’re We’re not/We aren’t Aren’t we?
You You’re You’re not/You aren’t Aren’t you?
They They’re They’re not/They aren’t Aren’t they?

Exemplos

  • “She is a doctor.” - “Ela é médica.”
  • “He isn’t happy.” - “Ele não está feliz.”
  • “Are you ready?” - “Você está pronto?”

Present Continuous

O verbo to be no Present Continuous segue essa estrutura:

  • Sujeito (I, You, He, etc) + am/is/are (to be no Simple Present) + “being” (to be + gerúndio “-ing”) + complemento
Sujeito Afirmativo Negativo Interrogativo
I I am being I am not being Am I being?
You You are being You are not being Are you being?
He He is being He is not being Is he being?
She She is being She is not being Is she being?
It It is being It is not being Is it being?
We We are being We are not being Are we being?
You You are being You are not being Are you being?
They They are being They are not being Are they being?

Exemplos

  • “They’re studying now.” - “Eles estão estudando agora.”
  • “I am not working today.” - “Eu não estou trabalhando hoje.”
  • “Isn’t she coming with us?” - “Ela não está vindo conosco?”

Verbo to be no passado

Simple Past

O verbo to be no Simple Past - passado simples - segue essa estrutura:

  • Sujeito (I, You, He, etc) + was/were (to be no Simple Past) + complemento
Sujeito Afirmativo Negativo Interrogativo
I I was I was not Was I?
You You were You were not Were you?
He He was He was not Was he?
She She was She was not Was she?
It It was It was not Was it?
We We were We were not Were we?
You You were You were not Were you?
They They were They were not Were they?
Sujeito Negativo Abreviado Interrogativo Negativo
I I wasn’t Wasn’t I?
You You weren’t Weren’t you?
He He wasn’t Wasn’t he?
She She wasn’t Wasn’t she?
It It wasn’t Wasn’t it?
We We weren’t Weren’t we?
You You weren’t Weren’t you?
They They weren’t Weren’t they?

Exemplos

  • “He was at home yesterday.” - “Ele estava em casa ontem.”
  • “They weren’t interested.” - “Eles não estavam interessados.”
  • “Was it expensive?” - “Era caro?”

Past Continuous

O verbo to be no Past Continuous - passado contínuo - segue essa estrutura:

  • Sujeito (I, You, He, etc) + was/were (to be no Simple Past) + "“being” (to be + gerúndio “-ing”) + complemento
Sujeito Afirmativo Negativo Interrogativo
I I was being I was not being Am I being?
You You were being You were not being Are you being?
He He was being He was not being Is he being?
She She was being She was not being Is she being?
It It was being It was not being Is it being?
We We were being We were not being Are we being?
You You were being You were not being Are you being?
They They were being They were not being Are they being?

Exemplos

  • “I was watching TV when you called.” - “Eu estava assistindo TV quando você ligou.”
  • “We were not paying attention during the lecture.” - “Nós não estávamos prestando atenção durante a palestra.”
  • “Weren’t you sleeping at 8 o’clock?” - “Você não estava dormindo às 8 horas?”

Present Perfect

O Present Perfect é usado para demonstrar uma ação passada que possui uma conexão com o presente. O verbo to be no Present Perfect segue esse padrão:

  • Sujeito (I, You, He, etc) + has/have + “been” (to be no Past Participle) + complemento
Sujeito Afirmativo Negativo Interrogativo
I I have been I have not been Have I been?
You You have been You have not been Have you been?
He He has been He has not been Has he been?
She She has been She has not been Has she been?
It It has been It has not been Has it been?
We We have been We have not been Have we been?
You You have been You have not been Have you been?
They They have been They have not been Have they been?
Sujeito Afirmativo Abreviado Negativo Abreviado Interrogativo Negativo
I I’ve been I haven’t been Haven’t I been?
You You’ve been You haven’t been Haven’t you been?
He He’s been He hasn’t been Hasn’t he been?
She She’s been She hasn’t been Hasn’t she been?
It It’s been It hasn’t been Hasn’t it been?
We We’ve been We haven’t been Haven’t we been?
You You’ve been You haven’t been Haven’t you been?
They They’ve been They haven’t been Haven’t they been?

Exemplos

  • “We have been friends for years.” - “Somos amigos há anos.”
  • “You haven’t been honest.” - “Você não tem sido honesto.”
  • “Have they been here before?” - “Eles já estiveram aqui antes?”

Past Perfect

O Past Perfect é usado para indicar ações passadas que ocorreram antes de outra ação no passado. O verbo to be no Past Perfect segue essa estrutura:

  • Sujeito (I, You, He, etc) + had + “been” (to be no Past Participle) + complemento
Sujeito Afirmativo Negativo Interrogativo
I I had been I had not been Had I been?
You You had been You had not been Had you been?
He He had been He had not been Had he been?
She She had been She had not been Had she been?
It It had been It had not been Had it been?
We We had been We had not been Had we been?
You You had been You had not been Had you been?
They They had been They had not been Had they been?
Sujeito Afirmativo Abreviado Negativo Abreviado Interrogativo Negativo
I I’d been I hadn’t been Hadn’t I been?
You You’d been You hadn’t been Hadn’t you been?
He He’d been He hadn’t been Hadn’t he been?
She She’d been She hadn’t been Hadn’t she been?
It It’d been It hadn’t been Hadn’t it been?
We We’d been We hadn’t been Hadn’t we been?
You You’d been You hadn’t been Hadn’t you been?
They They’d been They hadn’t been Hadn’t they been?

Exemplos

  • “She’d been a teacher before she retired.” - “Ela tinha sido professora antes de se aposentar.”
  • “They had not been to Brazil before last summer.” - “Eles não tinham ido ao Brasil antes do último verão.”
  • “Hadn’t you ever seen such a thing?” - “Você já não tinha visto algo assim?”

Verbo to be no futuro

Simple Future

O Simple Future demonstra ações que ocorrerão no futuro. O verbo to be no futuro segue esse padrão:

  • Sujeito (I, You, He, etc) + will + “be” (to be no infinitivo) + complemento
Sujeito Afirmativo Negativo Interrogativo
I I will be I will not be Will I be?
You You will be You will not be Will you be?
He He will be He will not be Will he be?
She She will be She will not be Will she be?
It It will be It will not be Will it be?
We We will be We will not be Will we be?
You You will be You will not be Will you be?
They They will be They will not be Will they be?
Sujeito Afirmativo Abreviado Negativo Abreviado Interrogativo Negativo
I I’ll be I won’t be Won’t I be?
You You’ll be You won’t be Won’t you be?
He He’ll be He won’t be Won’t he be?
She She’ll be She won’t be Won’t she be?
It It’ll be It won’t be Won’t it be?
We We’ll be We won’t be Won’t we be?
You You’ll be You won’t be Won’t you be?
They They’ll be They won’t be Won’t they be?

Exemplos

  • “I will be there tomorrow.” - “Eu estarei lá amanhã.”
  • “She will not be available until Friday.” - “Ela não estará disponível até sexta-feira.”
  • “Will we be together?” - “Estaremos juntos?”

Conclusão

Tabela resumo do verbo to be

Sujeito Simple Present Present Continuous Simple Past Past Continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Simple Future
I am am being was was being have been had been will be
You are are being were were being have been had been will be
He is is being was was being has been had been will be
She is is being was was being has been had been will be
It is is being was was being has been had been will be
We are are being were were being have been had been will be
You are are being were were being have been had been will be
They are are being were were being have been had been will be

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